Facile Preparations of Electrochemically Exfoliated N-Doped Graphene Nanosheets from Spent Zn-Carbon Primary Batteries Recycled for Supercapacitors Using Natural Sea Water Electrolytes

A single production of nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets was developed in this present work from a spent Zn-C primary battery. The electrochemically exfoliated (EC-N-GNS) applied supercapacitor symmetric devices. As-prepared EC-N-GNS utilized for with natural seawater multivalent ion electrolyte. recycling graphite into characterized by X-ray diffraction and RAMAN spectroscopy. few-layered morphological structures were analyzed field emission scanning electron microscope transmission microscope. electrochemical analysis the cyclic voltammetry curves observed an double-layer capacitor (EDLC) behavior potential window −0.8 V to +0.5 V. galvanostatic charge—discharge study obtained be maximum specific capacitance (Csp)—67.69 F/g 43.07 at current density 1 A/g. We promising facile single-step waste zinc-carbon battery recycle electrodes. superior performance comparatively bulk energy storage applications.